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Succinic acid

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Identification
Molecular formula
C4H6O4
CAS number
110-15-6
IUPAC name
succinic acid
State
State

At room temperature, succinic acid is found in a solid state. It is stable under normal conditions of use and storage, appearing as a crystalline solid or a white powder.

Melting point (Celsius)
185.00
Melting point (Kelvin)
458.00
Boiling point (Celsius)
235.00
Boiling point (Kelvin)
508.00
General information
Molecular weight
118.09g/mol
Molar mass
118.0880g/mol
Density
1.5600g/cm3
Appearence

Succinic acid is a colorless, crystalline solid at room temperature. It is often found in its pure form as odorless crystals or as a white powder. The crystalline structure contributes to its lustrous appearance, resembling small shards or granules.

Comment on solubility

Solubility of Succinic Acid (C4H6O4)

Succinic acid, a dicarboxylic acid, exhibits interesting solubility properties that are crucial for various applications in chemistry and biology. It is known to be:

  • Soluble in water: Succinic acid has a solubility of about 1.0 g/10 mL at room temperature, making it a moderately soluble compound.
  • Soluble in organic solvents: It dissolves readily in alcohols and acetone, which broadens its usability in organic synthesis.
  • Temperature-dependent: Its solubility tends to increase with temperature. As noted, "higher temperatures often lead to increased molecular motion, facilitating the dissolution process."

Moreover, the presence of two carboxylic acid groups (–COOH) enhances its interaction with polar solvents, contributing to its overall solubility profile. In contrast, its solubility in non-polar solvents is quite limited, which may be expected due to its polar nature. Understanding the solubility characteristics of succinic acid is essential for its effective utilization in various fields, including food industry, pharmaceuticals, and biochemical research.

Interesting facts

Interesting Facts about Succinic Acid

Succinic acid, a dicarboxylic acid, is not only significant in biochemical pathways, but it also showcases a fascinating array of applications in various fields.

Biological Importance

This compound plays a crucial role in the Krebs cycle, a key metabolic pathway that generates energy through the oxidation of acetyl-CoA derived from carbohydrates, fats, and proteins. Here are some highlights:

  • It acts as a critical intermediate in cellular respiration.
  • Succinic acid is involved in the synthesis of key biomolecules, contributing to the production of energy in living organisms.

Applications in Industry

Due to its versatile properties, succinic acid has important uses in various sectors:

  • Food Industry: Commonly recognized as a food additive (E363), it is used to enhance flavor.
  • Pharmaceuticals: Its derivatives are utilized in drug formulations, serving as intermediates for making active pharmaceutical ingredients.
  • Chemicals: Succinic acid is employed in the production of polyesters, which are essential in the manufacture of biodegradable plastics.

Historical Context

Interestingly, succinic acid was first isolated from Amber in the 7th century, earning its name from the Latin word for Amber, succinum. This rich history adds a layer of depth to its study.

Environmental Aspects

As the world shifts towards more sustainable practices, the production of succinic acid is also taking a green turn. Researchers are exploring:

  • Biotechnological methods for its synthesis using renewable resources.
  • Its potential as a feedstock for producing bio-based chemicals.

In conclusion, succinic acid is a compound that strikes a balance between chemistry and biochemistry, with its multifaceted roles highlighting its importance in both nature and industry. The ongoing research and development in this area promise to unveil even more exciting applications in the future.

Synonyms
succinic acid
butanedioic acid
110-15-6
Amber acid
Asuccin
Dihydrofumaric acid
Wormwood acid
Katasuccin
Bernsteinsaure
1,2-Ethanedicarboxylic acid
ethylenesuccinic acid
1,4-Butanedioic acid
Wormwood
Succinicum acidum
Butandisaeure
Acidum succinicum
Butanedionic acid
Kyselina jantarova
Butane diacid
Ethylene dicarboxylic acid
acide succinique
Bernsteinsaure [German]
Bernsteinsaeure
Kyselina jantarova [Czech]
HSDB 791
acide butanedioique
MFCD00002789
NSC 106449
UNII-AB6MNQ6J6L
AB6MNQ6J6L
AI3-06297
EINECS 203-740-4
succ
NSC-106449
BRN 1754069
DTXSID6023602
E363
FEMA NO. 4719
CHEBI:15741
HOOC-CH2-CH2-COOH
DTXCID303602
EC 203-740-4
4-02-00-01908 (Beilstein Handbook Reference)
NSC25949
1,2 Ethanedicarboxylic Acid
NCGC00159372-02
NCGC00159372-04
Succinellite
Sal succini
WLN: QV2VQ
SUCCINIC ACID (II)
SUCCINIC ACID [II]
SIN
SUCCINIC ACID (MART.)
SUCCINIC ACID [MART.]
Succinic Acid; Butanedioic acid
Ethylene succinic acid
Ethanedicarboxylic acid
butandisaure
succinic-acid
sodium succinate (anhydrous)
SUCCINIC ACID (USP IMPURITY)
SUCCINIC ACID [USP IMPURITY]
succinate, 9
CAS-110-15-6
ADIPIC ACID IMPURITY B (EP IMPURITY)
ADIPIC ACID IMPURITY B [EP IMPURITY]
Succinic acid [NF]
Succinic acid (8CI)
1,4 Butanedioic Acid
Butanedioic acid (9CI)
Dihydrofumarate
Succinicate
Butanedioic acid diammonium salt
1cze
1,4-Butanedioate
Succinic acid, 6
Succinic acid, FCC
Succinic Acide,(S)
SuccinicAcid(IndustrialGrade&FoodGrade)
Succinic acid, 99%
Succinic acid, natural
4lh2
1,2-Ethanedicarboxylate
suc
Succinic acid (standard)
Succinic acid, ACS grade
bmse000183
bmse000968
CHEMBL576
SUCCINIC ACID [MI]
SUCCINIC ACID [FCC]
A 12084
SUCCINIC ACID [HSDB]
SUCCINIC ACID [VANDF]
GTPL3637
SUCCINIC ACID [USP-RS]
SUCCINIC ACID [WHO-DD]
SUCCINICUM ACIDUM [HPUS]
BDBM26121
HY-N0420R
MSK7504
Succinic acid (Butanedioic acid)
HMS3885O04
HY-N0420
STR02803
Tox21_111612
Tox21_201918
Tox21_303247
BBL002473
LMFA01170043
NSC-25949
NSC106449
s3791
STK387105
Succinic acid, >=99%, FCC, FG
Succinic acid, BioXtra, >=99.0%
AKOS000118899
Tox21_111612_1
1ST7504
CCG-266069
DB00139
FS27891
NCGC00159372-03
NCGC00159372-05
NCGC00159372-06
NCGC00257092-01
NCGC00259467-01
Succinic acid, ACS reagent, >=99.0%
BP-21128
Succinic acid, ReagentPlus(R), >=99.0%
CS-0008946
NS00002272
S0100
Succinic acid, p.a., ACS reagent, 99.0%
Succinic acid, SAJ first grade, >=99.0%
EN300-17990
Succinic acid, purum p.a., >=99.0% (T)
Succinic acid, SAJ special grade, >=99.5%
1,4-BUTANEDIOIC ACID (SUCCINIC ACID)
C00042
D85169
SBI-0633499.0002
Succinic acid, Vetec(TM) reagent grade, 98%
AB01332192-02
Q213050
SR-01000944556
SR-01000944556-2
BRD-K45238818-001-02-6
Z57127453
F2191-0239
37E8FFFB-70DA-4399-B724-476BD8715EF0
Succinic acid, certified reference material, TraceCERT(R)
Succinic acid, puriss. p.a., ACS reagent, >=99.5% (T)
Butanedioic acid;1,2-Ethanedicarboxylic acid;1,4-Butanedioic acid
Succinic acid, United States Pharmacopeia (USP) Reference Standard
InChI=1/C4H6O4/c5-3(6)1-2-4(7)8/h1-2H2,(H,5,6)(H,7,8
Succinic acid, matrix substance for MALDI-MS, >=99.5% (T), Ultra pure
Succinic acid, anhydrous, free-flowing, Redi-Dri(TM), ACS reagent, >=99.0%
Succinic acid, BioReagent, suitable for cell culture, suitable for insect cell culture
Succinic Acid, Pharmaceutical Secondary Standard; Certified Reference Material
203-740-4
26776-24-9