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Butane

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Identification
Molecular formula
C4H10
CAS number
106-97-8
IUPAC name
butane
State
State

Butane is a gas at room temperature and atmospheric pressure. It becomes a liquid when compressed or cooled below its boiling point.

Melting point (Celsius)
-138.35
Melting point (Kelvin)
134.80
Boiling point (Celsius)
-0.50
Boiling point (Kelvin)
272.65
General information
Molecular weight
58.12g/mol
Molar mass
58.1240g/mol
Density
0.5790g/cm3
Appearence

Butane is a colorless gas with a faint petroleum-like odor. It is highly flammable and is commonly used as a fuel, refrigerant, and a propellant in aerosols.

Comment on solubility

Solubility of Butane

Butane (C4H10), a simple alkane, exhibits interesting solubility characteristics due to its nonpolar nature. Here are some key points about butane's solubility:

  • Nonpolar Solvent: Butane is nonpolar, which means it is primarily soluble in nonpolar solvents.
  • Insolubility in Water: Due to its nonpolar characteristics, butane is insoluble in water—water being a polar solvent. This is a typical behavior seen in many hydrocarbons.
  • Solubility in Organic Solvents: It readily dissolves in organic solvents such as hexane and benzene, highlighting its compatibility with other hydrocarbons.
  • Temperature Dependency: The solubility of butane can vary with temperature; higher temperatures may increase its solubility in organic solvents.

In summary, while butane does not dissolve in polar environments like water, it finds itself very much at home in the realm of nonpolar solvents. To understand solubility behavior in hydrocarbons, remember the adage: "like dissolves like," emphasizing the importance of polarity in determining a compound's solubility.

Interesting facts

Interesting Facts about Butane

Butane, an alkane hydrocarbon with the formula C4H10, is a fascinating compound with a variety of applications and properties that make it unique in the world of chemistry.

Physical Properties and Forms

Butane exists in two isomeric forms:

  • n-Butane: A straight-chain form.
  • Isobutane: A branched-chain form.

Both isomers have practical uses but demonstrate different physical properties, illustrating the significance of structural differences in organic compounds.

Applications

Butane is commonly used in several key applications:

  • Fuel Source: It is widely used as a fuel for lighters and portable stoves due to its compact storage and ease of ignition.
  • Propellant: In the aerosol industry, butane acts as a propellant, pushing contents out of cans effectively.
  • Refrigerants: Isobutane is utilized as a refrigerant in some refrigeration systems due to its lower environmental impact compared to other halocarbon refrigerants.

Combustion

The combustion of butane is a process that highlights its utility and energy content:

  • Exothermic Reaction: When burned in the presence of oxygen, butane releases energy, making it a favorable fuel.
  • Complete Combustion: Produces carbon dioxide and water, but incomplete combustion can result in the production of carbon monoxide, a toxic gas.

Environmental Aspects

While butane is a more environmentally friendly alternative compared to other fossil fuels, its usage is still associated with:

  • Greenhouse Gas Emissions: Burning butane contributes to CO2 emissions, necessitating discussions on sustainable alternatives.
  • Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs): Butane can contribute to air pollution and smog formation when released into the atmosphere.

Fun Fact

Did you know? Butane is a key component in the production of many petrochemical products, including plastics and synthetic rubber! This highlights how a simple hydrocarbon can play such an integral role in modern industry and daily life.

Understanding butane not only provides insight into its chemical behavior but also emphasizes its significance in both industrial applications and environmental considerations.

Synonyms
BUTANE
n-Butane
106-97-8
Diethyl
Methylethylmethane
butan
Butanen
Butani
Butyl hydride
Butane, pure
HC 600
A 21 (lowing agent)
R 600
CCRIS 2279
HSDB 944
n-Butan
UNII-6LV4FOR43R
EINECS 203-448-7
6LV4FOR43R
E943a
Butane [NF]
n-C4H10
INS NO.943
CHEBI:37808
INS-943
butane phase II
DTXSID7024665
E-943
E 943a
E-943a
EC 203-448-7
Butane (NF)
BUTANE (II)
BUTANE [II]
BUTANE (MART.)
BUTANE [MART.]
R-600
Butanen [Dutch]
Butani [Italian]
BUTANE (D10)
BUTANE (1-D1)
BUTANE (2-D1)
normal-Butane
UN1011
1,2-dimethyethane
1,2-dimethylethane
1,2-dimethyl-ethane
Butane, 99%
Freon 600
BUTANE [HSDB]
BUTANE [FCC]
BUTANE [WHO-DD]
BUTANE [MI]
n-Butane;Methylethylmethane
Hydrocarbon propellant A-17
CHEMBL134702
DTXCID404665
H-C4H9
DTXSID00179629
DTXSID50178046
BCP32076
Butane 2000 microg/mL in Methanol
AKOS015917446
AKOS032949915
UN 1011
B0677
NS00008355
C21390
D03186
Q134192
Butane, fuel for Micro Torch, contains no CFC gases
InChI=1/C4H10/c1-3-4-2/h3-4H2,1-2H
06005800-A997-4214-BF1C-5063E9E46167
203-448-7