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Adenosine diphosphate (ADP)

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Identification
Molecular formula
C10H15N5O10P2
CAS number
58-64-0
IUPAC name
[[5-(6-aminopurin-9-yl)-3,4-dihydroxy-tetrahydrofuran-2-yl]methoxy-hydroxy-phosphoryl] (3,4-dihydroxytetrahydrofuran-2-yl)methyl hydrogen phosphate
State
State

In its pure form, adenosine diphosphate (ADP) is in a solid state at room temperature. It is typically found as a white powder when isolated from biochemical environments.

Melting point (Celsius)
259.00
Melting point (Kelvin)
532.15
Boiling point (Celsius)
100.00
Boiling point (Kelvin)
373.15
General information
Molecular weight
427.20g/mol
Molar mass
427.2010g/mol
Density
2.3000g/cm3
Appearence

Adenosine diphosphate (ADP) typically appears as a white, crystalline powder. Though it may be difficult to discern the appearance of such a compound at a macroscopic level due to its fine state, under a microscope or when aggregated, it showcases this typical crystalline structure.

Comment on solubility

Solubility of [5-(6-aminopurin-9-yl)-3,4-dihydroxy-tetrahydrofuran-2-yl]methoxy-hydroxy-phosphoryl (3,4-dihydroxytetrahydrofuran-2-yl)methyl hydrogen phosphate

The solubility of the compound with the formula C10H15N5O10P2 is influenced by several key factors, primarily its chemical structure and polarity. The presence of functional groups such as hydroxyl (-OH) and phosphate (-PO4H2) enhances the solubility in polar solvents, particularly water. Here are some aspects to consider:

  • Hydrophilicity: The compound contains multiple hydroxyl groups which generally increase solubility in aqueous solutions.
  • Electrostatic Interactions: The phosphate group can create ionic interactions with water molecules, further promoting solubility.
  • Molecular Size: Relatively small molecular size aids in its dissolution compared to larger, more complex compounds.
  • Concentration and Temperature: Solubility can vary significantly based on changes in temperature and the concentration of the solution.

In practical applications, compounds of this nature are often soluble in polar solvents like water or dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), while they may show limited solubility in non-polar solvents. Therefore, knowing the solubility behavior is crucial for laboratory handling, formulation, and potential therapeutic applications. Understanding these characteristics can greatly enhance utilization in various chemical and pharmaceutical contexts.

Interesting facts

Interesting Facts About [5-(6-aminopurin-9-yl)-3,4-dihydroxy-tetrahydrofuran-2-yl]methoxy-hydroxy-phosphoryl (3,4-dihydroxytetrahydrofuran-2-yl)methyl hydrogen phosphate

This compound, often associated with biochemistry and molecular biology, is a unique hybrid of nucleobases and carbohydrates, showcasing the intricate relationship between different biological molecules. Here are some fascinating insights:

  • Nucleoside Analog: This compound resembles nucleosides, specifically purines, which are essential for DNA and RNA structures. Its resemblance allows it to engage in important biological interactions, influencing nucleic acid metabolism.
  • Phosphorylation: The presence of phosphate groups in the structure is significant; phosphorylation is a critical biochemical process that regulates many cellular functions, including signal transduction and metabolic pathways.
  • Potential Applications: Due to its structural features, this compound could serve as a potential candidate in drug design, especially targeting viral infections or cancer therapeutics by mimicking nucleic acid behavior.
  • Research Significance: Compounds like this are often studied for their roles in nucleic acid chemistry and enzymatic reactions, particularly in the context of ribonucleotide reductase and DNA polymerases.
  • Structural Diversity: The combination of an amino purine and a tetrahydrofuran moiety exemplifies how structural modifications can create compounds with varied properties and functions in biological systems.

Overall, this compound showcases the fascinating interplay between organic chemistry and biochemistry, emphasizing how slight changes in molecular structure can lead to significant variations in biological activity. As stated by renowned chemist Linus Pauling, "The best way to have a good idea is to have a lot of ideas," highlighting the importance of exploring diverse compounds in chemical research.