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Adenosine triphosphate

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Identification
Molecular formula
C10H16N5O13P3
CAS number
56-65-5
IUPAC name
[5-(2-amino-6-oxo-3H-purin-9-yl)-4-hydroxy-2-[[hydroxy(phosphonooxy)phosphoryl]oxymethyl]tetrahydrofuran-3-yl] phosphono hydrogen phosphate
State
State

At room temperature, adenosine triphosphate is typically found as a solid. It is hygroscopic, meaning it readily absorbs moisture from the environment. In biological contexts, ATP is often present in aqueous solutions within cells, facilitating various biochemical reactions.

Melting point (Celsius)
252.00
Melting point (Kelvin)
525.15
Boiling point (Celsius)
208.00
Boiling point (Kelvin)
481.15
General information
Molecular weight
507.18g/mol
Molar mass
507.1810g/mol
Density
1.5000g/cm3
Appearence

Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is typically a white crystalline powder when pure. It can also appear as a colorless or slightly yellow viscous liquid depending on its hydration state and form. ATP is often encountered in its disodium or magnesium salt forms when in solution.

Comment on solubility

Solubility Characteristics

The compound 5-(2-amino-6-oxo-3H-purin-9-yl)-4-hydroxy-2-[[hydroxy(phosphonooxy)phosphoryl]oxymethyl]tetrahydrofuran-3-yl] phosphono hydrogen phosphate (C10H16N5O13P3) exhibits unique solubility properties due to its complex structure and functional groups. Solubility of such molecules can be influenced by various factors:

  • Polarity: The presence of multiple hydroxyl groups and phosphate functionalities tends to increase polarity, enhancing its ability to dissolve in polar solvents such as water.
  • Hydrogen Bonding: This compound can form hydrogen bonds, which can lead to strong interactions with water molecules, facilitating its solubility.
  • pH Dependence: Being a phosphate compound, its solubility may also be affected by pH levels of the solution, potentially increasing at higher pH where deprotonation occurs.

In general, salts and ionic compounds like phosphonates tend to be more soluble in aqueous solutions, which is advantageous for biological and chemical applications. As noted, the solubility can be quantified as highly soluble in water due to the aforementioned characteristics, making it readily available for chemical reactions and biological interactions. This behavior emphasizes the significance of understanding solubility when working with complex, multifunctional biomolecules.

Interesting facts

Interesting Facts about 5-(2-amino-6-oxo-3H-purin-9-yl)-4-hydroxy-2-[[hydroxy(phosphonooxy)phosphoryl]oxymethyl]tetrahydrofuran-3-yl] phosphono hydrogen phosphate

This complex compound, often referred to in the realm of biochemistry and molecular biology, plays a critical role in cellular processes. Here are some intriguing aspects:

  • Biological Significance: This molecule is structurally related to nucleotides, which are the building blocks of nucleic acids like DNA and RNA. Its intricate structure suggests potential roles in genetic regulation and energy transfer.
  • Phosphorylation: The presence of multiple phosphate groups indicates that it could participate in phosphorylation reactions, a vital process in cellular signaling pathways. Phosphorylation is crucial in regulating enzyme activity and cellular function.
  • Drug Development: Compounds with similar structures are often explored as candidates for pharmaceuticals. Researchers investigate their potential as anti-cancer agents or in antiviral therapies, showcasing their vast potential in medicinal chemistry.
  • Structure-Function Relationship: The unique placement of amino and hydroxy groups in the molecule can significantly influence its biochemical properties. Understanding how these modifications affect its interaction with biological targets is an active area of research.
  • Research Applications: Scientists employ this compound in various research studies to understand metabolic pathways and cellular mechanisms, making it a valuable tool in experimental biochemistry.

In summary, the significance of 5-(2-amino-6-oxo-3H-purin-9-yl)-4-hydroxy-2-[[hydroxy(phosphonooxy)phosphoryl]oxymethyl]tetrahydrofuran-3-yl] phosphono hydrogen phosphate is multifaceted, bridging the worlds of basic research and practical applications. As quoted by a leading biochemist, "Understanding the intricacies of such compounds opens doors to new therapeutic possibilities that could transform our approach to treatment."