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Citric acid

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Identification
Molecular formula
C6H8O7
CAS number
77-92-9
IUPAC name
2-hydroxy-2-isopropyl-butanedioic acid
State
State

Citric acid is typically a solid at room temperature, specifically in the form of a white crystalline powder. It is highly soluble in water which makes it useful in many applications, from the food industry to pharmaceuticals.

Melting point (Celsius)
153.00
Melting point (Kelvin)
426.15
Boiling point (Celsius)
310.00
Boiling point (Kelvin)
583.15
General information
Molecular weight
192.12g/mol
Molar mass
192.1240g/mol
Density
1.6650g/cm3
Appearence

Citric acid is a weak organic acid that appears as a white crystalline powder. It is often encountered in the form of colorless, translucent crystals. In the water-free form (anhydrous), it is highly hygroscopic (moisture-attracting) making it somewhat sticky to touch. It is commonly found in the form of a white crystalline or granular powder, which in larger amounts may appear to have a slight agglomerated texture, also resembling the appearance of white sugar.

Comment on solubility

Solubility of 2-hydroxy-2-isopropyl-butanedioic acid

2-hydroxy-2-isopropyl-butanedioic acid, with the chemical formula C6H8O7, exhibits interesting solubility characteristics that are important to understand within various contexts. This compound, often referred to as a derivative of citric acid, carries several functional groups that significantly influence its interaction with solvents.

Key Solubility Aspects:

  • Polar Nature: The presence of hydroxyl (–OH) groups contributes to the compound's polar characteristics, enhancing its solubility in polar solvents like water.
  • Hydrogen Bonding: The ability to form hydrogen bonds facilitates interaction with water molecules, further promoting solubility.
  • Temperature Dependence: Like many organic acids, its solubility may increase with temperature, which can be critical in application settings.
  • pH Influence: The solubility can also be affected by the pH of the solution, as deprotonation of the carboxylic acid groups can enhance aqueous solubility.

In practical terms, this compound is known for its moderate solubility in water, making it suitable for various applications in industries such as pharmaceuticals and food science. However, it is advisable to consider factors like temperature and the presence of other ions in solution when assessing solubility practically.

Understanding the solubility of 2-hydroxy-2-isopropyl-butanedioic acid is crucial for its effective utilization in formulations and reactions.

Interesting facts

Interesting Facts About 2-Hydroxy-2-isopropyl-butanedioic Acid

2-Hydroxy-2-isopropyl-butanedioic acid, commonly referred to as IPM or trospium chloride, is a fascinating compound with various applications in both the scientific community and industry. Here are some key points that highlight its significance:

  • Biochemistry and Metabolism: This compound functions as a crucial intermediate in the metabolism of certain organisms, showcasing its importance in biochemical pathways.
  • Pharmaceutical Applications: 2-Hydroxy-2-isopropyl-butanedioic acid is often studied for its potential use in various medical formulations, particularly for enhancing drug solubility and stability.
  • Food Industry: Known as a food additive, it serves as a pH stabilizer and can act as a flavoring agent, making it valuable in food technology.
  • Environmental Impact: Scientists are increasingly researching the compound's role in environmental chemistry, particularly regarding its biodegradability and potential impact on ecosystems.
  • Safety and Regulations: As with any chemical, it is essential to understand safety protocols associated with its use. Regulatory bodies closely monitor its application to ensure environmental and consumer safety.

As an exciting example of how simple modifications in molecular structure can lead to significant changes in functionality, 2-hydroxy-2-isopropyl-butanedioic acid exemplifies the intricate relationship between structure and properties in chemistry.

In the words of chemist Linus Pauling, "The best way to have a good idea is to have lots of ideas." This compound encourages exploration and innovation in various fields of study!

Synonyms
2-Isopropylmalic acid
3237-44-3
2-hydroxy-2-isopropylsuccinic acid
alpha-isopropylmalate
alpha-isopropylmalic acid
2-hydroxy-2-propan-2-ylbutanedioic acid
3-carboxy-3-hydroxyisocaproic acid
2-Hydroxy-2-(1-methylethyl)butanedioic acid
2-hydroxy-2-(propan-2-yl)butanedioic acid
A7T9UY4KVU
Malic acid, 2-isopropyl-
butanedioic acid, 2-hydroxy-2-(1-methylethyl)
3-hydroxy-4-methyl-3-carboxypentanoate
2-isopropylmalate
3-carboxy-3-hydroxy-4-methylpentanoate
alpha-IPM
2-HYDROXY-2-ISOPROPYLSUCCINICACID
UNII-A7T9UY4KVU
bmse000982
bmse001025
SCHEMBL59972
2-Isopropylmalic acid, 98%
.ALPHA.-ISOPROPYLMALATE
CHEBI:28635
DTXSID70863129
DTXSID201021196
HY-N9960
AKOS030570175
SB84200
beta-hydroxy-beta-carboxy-isocaproic acid
AS-81339
DA-60136
3-carboxy-3-hydroxy-4-methylpentanoic acid
CS-0226996
NS00014675
F83120
Butanedioic acid, 2-hydroxy-2-(1-methylethyl)-
Q15426256
CD7B7575-5C65-4347-9BAC-D899775FC34D