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Glutamic acid

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Identification
Molecular formula
C5H9NO4
CAS number
56-86-0
IUPAC name
2-aminopentanedioic acid
State
State

At room temperature, glutamic acid is a solid. It exists in the form of white crystals and is widely used in biochemical applications and food industry.

Melting point (Celsius)
207.00
Melting point (Kelvin)
480.00
Boiling point (Celsius)
200.00
Boiling point (Kelvin)
473.00
General information
Molecular weight
147.13g/mol
Molar mass
147.1290g/mol
Density
1.5386g/cm3
Appearence

Glutamic acid appears as a white crystalline solid. It is typically seen in this solid form with a slightly sweet taste, and has a high melting point, reflecting its ionic nature. It is soluble in water and forms colorless solutions.

Comment on solubility

Solubility of 2-Aminopentanedioic Acid

2-Aminopentanedioic acid, commonly known as glutamic acid, exhibits interesting solubility characteristics that can influence its behavior in various chemical contexts:

  • Water Solubility: This compound is highly soluble in water due to its polar functional groups, which readily interact with water molecules.
  • Temperature Dependence: The solubility in water may increase with temperature, making it favorable for biological processes at higher temperatures.
  • pH Sensitivity: Being an amino acid, its solubility can vary with changes in pH. At low pH, it may exist in its protonated form, while at high pH, it can deprotonate, enhancing solubility.
  • Solvent Compatibility: 2-Aminopentanedioic acid is less soluble in organic solvents, which limits its use in hydrophobic environments.
  • Crystallization: It can crystallize from aqueous solutions upon evaporation, reflecting its solubility properties and potential applications in pharmaceuticals.

Overall, the solubility profile of 2-aminopentanedioic acid is a crucial factor that affects its utilization in a range of applications, from biochemistry to food sciences, affirming the importance of understanding solubility in chemical compounds.

Interesting facts

Interesting Facts about 2-Aminopentanedioic Acid

2-Aminopentanedioic acid, commonly known as glutamic acid, is a fascinating compound with a variety of significant roles in biological systems and industrial applications. Below are some compelling insights into this intriguing molecule:

  • Biological Importance: 2-Aminopentanedioic acid is classified as a non-essential amino acid, meaning the body can synthesize it. It plays a crucial role in facilitating various biological processes, including:
    • Protein synthesis
    • Neurotransmitter function
    • Cellular metabolism
  • Neurotransmitter Role: It acts as an excitatory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system, making it vital for cognitive functions such as learning and memory. The phrase "glutamate is the brain's fuel" aptly captures its fundamental role in neural communication.
  • Flavor Enhancer: 2-Aminopentanedioic acid is well-known for being a key ingredient in the flavor enhancer monosodium glutamate (MSG). It enhances the umami taste, improving the flavor profiles of various foods.
  • Metabolic Intermediates: In the metabolic pathways, this compound serves as a precursor to other amino acids and plays a role in the synthesis of various biomolecules.

Safety and Health: While generally recognized as safe, some individuals may exhibit sensitivity to glutamate, emphasizing the importance of moderation in dietary intake.

Overall, 2-aminopentanedioic acid is not just another amino acid; it is a pivotal player in both biology and cuisine, demonstrating how fundamental chemistry contributes to everyday life.

Synonyms
DL-Glutamic acid
617-65-2
2-aminopentanedioic acid
Glutamic acid, DL-
Glutamic acid DL-form
Glutaminsaeure
H-DL-Glu-OH
NSC 9967
glutamate
H-DL-Glu-OH.H2O
NSC 206301
D-Glutamicacid
EINECS 210-522-2
MFCD00063113
BRN 1723799
61LJO5I15S
NSC-9967
2-Aminoglutaric acid
.alpha.-Aminoglutaric acid
L-Glutamic-2-13C Acid
C5H9NO4
NSC-206301
DL-Glutamic-2-13C acid
DL-Glutamic acid-3,3-d2
53931-70-7
DTXSID0046987
4-04-00-03028 (Beilstein Handbook Reference)
GLUTAMIC ACID DL-FORM [MI]
NSC620337
L-2-Aminoglutaric acid
DL-Glu
GLUTAMIC ACID, DL-(II)
GLUTAMIC ACID, DL-[II]
(+-)-Glutamic acid
Glutamate, L-
glutamic acid-2,3,3,4,4-d5
Glutamic acid (VAN)
.alpha.-Glutamic acid
25513-46-6
Glutamic acid (USAN)
Polyglutamic acid(PGA)
49717-32-0
Glutaminic acid (VAN)
2-Amino-pentanedioic acid
L(+)-Monosodium glutamate monohydrate
Glutamic Acid [USAN:INN]
alpha-Aminoglutaric acid (VAN)
glutaminsaure
UNII-61LJO5I15S
NSC143503
DL-Glutamate
4-Amino-1,5-pentanedioic acid
Glutamic acid, dl
D,L-glutamic acid
DL-Glutaminic acid
2IT
L-GLUTAMIC ACID (5-13C)
Glutamic acid DLform
(+/-)-glutamic acid
Glu146
Pentanedioic acid, (S)-
bmse000037
bmse000913
bmse001013
WLN: QVYZ2VQ -L
SCHEMBL2201
(.+/-.)-Glutamic acid
NCIOpen2_000764
CHEMBL276389
DTXCID8026987
CHEBI:18237
CHEBI:53373
NSC9967
GLUTAMIC ACID, DL- [II]
FCA44355
L-Glutamic acid, non animal origin
NSC77686
2-aminopentanedioic acidglutamic acid
AC7831
BDBM50002371
NSC206301
PDSP1_000621
PDSP2_000618
STK017280
2-azaniumyl-5-hydroxy-5-oxopentanoate
AKOS000118798
AKOS016050534
CS-W022635
FG39655
HY-W041895
NSC-620337
GLUTAMIC ACID, L-, [5-14C]
NCGC00015470-02
AC-24034
AS-13496
SY007089
SY008517
L(+)-Glutamic acid; 2-Aminoglutaric acid
DB-055206
G0058
NS00008008
EN300-18047
C00302
D04341
AB00443951-09
(R)-2-aminopentanedioic acid;D(-)-Glutamic acid
L001165
Q181136
Q27145702
Z57127545
96C32356-219C-4821-AF0E-30FCBFA1A321